In the realm of investigative interviewing, obtaining crucial information quickly is paramount, especially in time-sensitive scenarios. Whether it’s a hostage situation or a terrorist attack, the ability to extract key details rapidly can be critical for decision-making and operational responses. However, traditional interviewing techniques often fall short in such urgent contexts, lacking a systematic approach informed by psychological science.
To bridge this gap, a novel Time-Critical Questioning (TCQ) protocol was developed and tested to enhance information elicitation under time-sensitive conditions. The protocol aimed to swiftly establish rapport, align interviewer-interviewee roles and goals, encourage reporting of priority information, and implement effective questioning practices to support memory retrieval. A pilot study involving 111 participants paved the way for further evaluation of the TCQ protocol using an immersive methodology.
In a subsequent experiment with 142 participants, the efficacy of the TCQ protocol was tested against a control interview approach. Participants engaged in an Escape Room activity, followed by individual interviews using either the TCQ protocol or the control interview. Results showed that participants interviewed with the TCQ protocol reported more correct priority information, particularly during the initial free recall phase, compared to those in the control interview condition. This expedited information retrieval could prove invaluable in time-critical interviewing contexts.
The study also explored the use of self-generated cues as mnemonic aids within the TCQ protocol but found no significant advantage over the protocol without this mnemonic. Additionally, perceptions of rapport between interviewers and interviewees did not significantly differ across the different questioning approaches. The research highlighted the importance of the I-RELATE framing instructions in enhancing information reporting, especially in the crucial initial phase of the interview.
Moving forward, the TCQ protocol shows promise as a structured approach to time-critical interviewing, emphasizing the importance of rapport-building, goal alignment, and effective retrieval strategies. Further research is warranted to refine the protocol and investigate its applicability in real-world scenarios, where quick and accurate information retrieval is essential for operational success.
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